(A). CHILD DEVELOPMENT (ELEMENTARY SCHOOL CHILD):

  Concept of development and its relation with learning.

  Growth and development, stages of development, infancy, childhood and adolescence.

  Principles of development of childhood. 

 Influence of heredity and environment on the development of child, role of the teachers.

  Socialization process, social world and children, role of parents, peers and teachers in the process of socialization.

  Piaget, Kohlberg, Vygotsky: constructs and critical perspectives, cognitive development theory of Piaget, moral development theory of Kohlberg, social constructivism theory of Vygotsky and their educational implications. 

 Concept of child-centred and progressive education, methods of teaching and learning, concept of progressive education, role of teachers.

  Critical perspective of the construct of intelligence, multidimensional intelligence, Sternberg's information processing theory, intelligence tests, concept of IQ

.  Language and thought, different stages of language development, role of teacher in the process of language development. 

 Gender as a social construct, gender roles, gender-bias and educational practices, gender equality, teachers’ role. 

 Individual differences among learners, understanding differences based on diversity of language, caste, gender, community and religion etc.

  Distinction between assessment for learning and assessment of learning, school based assessment, continuous and comprehensive evaluation, perspectives and procedures. 

 Formulating appropriate questions for assessing readiness levels of learners for enhancing learning and critical thinking in the classroom and for assessing learners’ achievemen